Skewed Map Forwarding for Location-Based Multipath Routing in Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we present a generic extension of location-based ad hoc routing protocols named Skewed Map Forwarding (SMF). SMF incorporates multipath routing into any location-based routing protocol, while preserving the stateless property of location-based protocols. It alters/distorts the view of the network topology from the routing protocol by mapping the physical coordinates of nodes to logical coordinates and letting the routing protocol work on these logical coordinates. The resultant routes discovered by the routing protocol would appear as being skewed from the original route, thus creating multiple routes depending on how much we alter the view of the topology. We evaluate the performance of SMF as an extension of GPSR using the GloMoSim simulator.